아두이노 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이
이 튜토리얼은 Arduino와 함께 3.5인치 ILI9488 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이를 사용하는 방법을 도와줍니다. 단계별로 다음과 같은 방법을 배우게 됩니다:
- Arduino 보드에 터치 디스플레이를 연결하세요
- 화면에 텍스트, 숫자, 소수점을 표시하세요
- 디스플레이에 다양한 글꼴을 사용하세요
- 원, 직사각형, 삼각형 같은 도형을 그리세요
- 화면에 그림을 표시하세요 (MicroSD 카드에서도 가능)
- 터치스크린 기능을 사용하세요, 예:
- 터치스크린을 조정하여 더 정밀하게 만드세요
- 터치 위치를 읽고 표시하세요
- 화면 터치 시 감지하세요
- 손가락으로 화면에 그리세요
- 화면에 터치 가능한 버튼을 만들어 사용하세요
- Arduino 보드 위에 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이를 쌓으세요.
- USB 케이블을 사용하여 Arduino 보드를 컴퓨터에 연결하세요.
- Arduino IDE를 열고, 올바른 보드와 포트를 선택하세요.
- Arduino IDE 왼쪽 바에 있는 Libraries 아이콘으로 이동하세요.
- “DIYables TFT Touch Shield”를 검색한 후, DIYables의 DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield 라이브러리를 찾으세요.
- 라이브러리를 설치하려면 Install 버튼을 클릭하세요.
- 다른 라이브러리 종속성을 설치하라는 요청을 받게 됩니다.
- 모든 라이브러리 종속성을 설치하려면 Install All 버튼을 클릭하십시오.
- 위의 코드를 복사하여 Arduino IDE의 에디터에 붙여넣기
- Arduino IDE에서 Upload 버튼을 클릭하여 코드를 Arduino에 업로드하기
- Adafruit GFX 라이브러리가 설치된 폴더로 이동하세요.
- 원하는 폰트를 선택하세요 (예: FreeSansBold12pt7b.h).
- Arduino 코드에 폰트를 추가하세요:
- Setup() 함수 내에서 글꼴을 설정합니다:
- 위의 코드를 복사하여 Arduino IDE의 편집기에 붙여넣습니다.
- Arduino IDE에서 Upload 버튼을 클릭하여 Arduino에 코드를 업로드합니다.
- 이미지(png, jpg)를 비트맵 배열로 변환하여 Arduino 코드에 저장한 후 TFT에 출력합니다.
- 장점: 높은 출력 속도.
- 단점: 많은 메모리를 사용하여 출력할 수 있는 이미지의 크기와 수가 제한됩니다.
- 이미지(png, jpg)를 비트맵 형식(.bmp)으로 변환하여 microSD 카드에 저장하고 Arduino를 프로그래밍하여 microSD 카드에서 이미지를 읽어 출력합니다.
- 일반적으로 TFT 디스플레이에는 내장 microSD 카드 슬롯이 있어 어댑터 없이 microSD 카드만 있으면 됩니다.
- 장점: 더 크고 여러 이미지를 사용할 수 있습니다.
- 단점: 출력 속도가 느립니다.
- 위 코드를 복사하여 Arduino IDE의 에디터에 붙여넣으세요.
- Arduino IDE에서 bitmap.h 파일을 생성합니다:
- 시리얼 모니터 아이콘 바로 아래에 있는 버튼을 클릭하고 New Tab을 선택하거나 Ctrl+Shift+N 키를 누르세요.
- 파일 이름을 bitmap.h 로 지정하고 OK 버튼을 클릭하세요.
- 아래 코드를 복사하여 생성된 bitmap.h 파일에 붙여넣으세요. 이 코드는 DIYables 로고의 비트맵 배열을 포함하고 있습니다.
- Arduino에 코드를 업로드하기 위해 Arduino IDE의 Upload 버튼을 클릭하세요.
- 이미지를 준비하세요 (JPEG 또는 PNG 형식).
- 이미지를 Image to Bitmap Converter 도구를 사용하여 비트맵 배열로 변환하세요.
- 변환 버튼을 클릭하고 기다리십시오.
- 변환이 완료되면, 생성된 비트맵 배열을 복사하여 bitmap.h 파일에 붙여넣습니다.
- Arduino 코드(.ino 파일)에서 새로 조정된 이미지의 크기로 img_width와 img_height 변수를 업데이트하세요.
- Arduino IDE에서 Upload 버튼을 클릭하여 코드를 Arduino로 업로드하세요.
- 이미지 크기가 화면 크기와 같거나 작도록 합니다.
- .h 파일을 수정한 경우, Arduino IDE가 컴파일 중에 업데이트를 인식할 수 있도록 .ino 파일에 (빈 줄이나 공백 추가와 같이) 사소한 변경을 합니다.
- diyables.bmp 파일을 다운로드하여 Micro SD 카드에 저장합니다.
- MicroSD 카드를 TFT 디스플레이의 SD 카드 소켓에 삽입합니다.
- 아래 코드를 복사하여 Arduino IDE 에디터에 붙여넣습니다.
- Arduino에 코드를 업로드하려면 Arduino IDE의 Upload 버튼을 클릭하십시오.
- 표시할 이미지를 준비합니다 (JPG 또는 PNG 형식).
- Image to Bitmap Converter를 사용하여 이미지를 비트맵 파일로 변환합니다:
- Convert 버튼을 클릭하고 기다리세요.
- 변환된 비트맵 파일 이름은 확장자를 제외하고 9자 미만이어야 합니다.
- 비트맵 파일을 microSD 카드에 복사합니다.
- MicroSD 카드를 TFT 디스플레이의 카드 소켓에 삽입합니다.
- Arduino 코드에서 비트맵 파일 이름을 업데이트합니다.
- 업데이트된 코드를 Arduino에 업로드합니다. 그러면 이미지가 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에 표시됩니다.
- 아래의 캘리브레이션 예제 코드를 Arduino에 업로드하세요.
- Arduino IDE에서 시리얼 모니터를 열고(Ctrl+Shift+M) 전송 속도를 9600으로 설정하세요.
- 디스플레이에 각 모서리마다 순서대로 깜박이는 빨간 점이 표시되며, 1부터 4까지 번호가 매겨집니다:
- 1: 왼쪽 상단
- 2: 오른쪽 상단
- 3: 오른쪽 하단
- 4: 왼쪽 하단
- 점이 모서리에 나타나면 해당 모서리를 터치한 상태로 유지하세요. 점이 다음 모서리로 이동할 때까지 누르고 있으세요.
- 네 모서리 모두 반복하세요.
- 완료되면 시리얼 모니터에 최종 보정 값과 함께 다음과 같은 코드 한 줄이 출력됩니다: setTouchCalibration(min_x, max_x, min_y, max_y);
- 이 코드를 복사하여 터치 기능을 사용하기 전에 메인 스케치의 setup() 함수 안에 붙여 넣으세요.
- 하드웨어를 변경하지 않는 한, 각 디스플레이는 보정을 한 번만 하면 됩니다.
- 위의 코드를 복사하여 Arduino IDE의 에디터에 붙여넣습니다.
- Arduino IDE의 Upload 버튼을 클릭하여 Arduino에 코드를 업로드합니다.
- 시리얼 모니터를 엽니다.
- 화면을 터치합니다.
- 시리얼 모니터에 표시되는 좌표를 확인합니다.
- 위의 코드를 복사하여 Arduino IDE 에디터에 붙여넣습니다.
- Arduino IDE에서 Upload 버튼을 클릭하여 Arduino로 코드를 업로드합니다.
- 화면을 터치하고 드래그하여 그립니다.
- 그리기를 멈추려면 펜을 들어 올리세요.
- 마지막 점에서 새 선을 시작하려면 다시 터치하세요.
- 위 코드를 복사하여 Arduino IDE 편집기에 붙여넣습니다.
- Arduino IDE에서 Upload 버튼을 클릭하여 Arduino에 코드를 업로드합니다.
참고: 이 튜토리얼은 터치 기능이 있는 DIYables 3.5" ILI9488 TFT LCD 디스플레이 쉴드를 위한 것입니다. 터치 기능이 없는 버전인 DIYables 3.5" ILI9486 TFT LCD 디스플레이 쉴드를 사용 중이라면, 대신 아두이노 - TFT LCD 디스플레이 튜토리얼을 이용해 주세요.
준비물
| 1 | × | 아두이노 우노 R3 | 쿠팡 | 아마존 | |
| 1 | × | USB 2.0 타입 A-to-B 케이블 (USB-A PC용) | 쿠팡 | 아마존 | |
| 1 | × | USB 2.0 타입 C-to-B 케이블 (USB-C PC용) | 아마존 | |
| 1 | × | 3.5 Inch 320x480 ILI9488 TFT LCD Touch Display Shield | 쿠팡 | 아마존 | |
| 1 | × | (옵션) Micro SD Card | 아마존 | |
| 1 | × | (추천) 아두이노 우노용 스크루 터미널 블록 쉴드 | 쿠팡 | 아마존 | |
| 1 | × | (추천) 아두이노 우노용 브레드보드 쉴드 | 쿠팡 | 아마존 | |
| 1 | × | (추천) 아두이노 우노용 케이스 | 쿠팡 | 아마존 | |
| 1 | × | (추천) 아두이노 우노용 프로토타이핑 베이스 플레이트 & 브레드보드 키트 | 아마존 |
공개: 이 포스팅 에 제공된 일부 링크는 아마존 제휴 링크입니다. 이 포스팅은 쿠팡 파트너스 활동의 일환으로, 이에 따른 일정액의 수수료를 제공받습니다.
TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이 소개
DIYables 3.5" ILI9488 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이 쉴드는 아두이노 프로젝트에 컬러 화면을 추가하는 훌륭한 방법입니다. 320x480 해상도의 선명한 이미지를 표시하며 터치 입력을 지원합니다.
8비트 병렬 통신을 사용하여 보다 부드러운 그래픽을 위해 데이터를 더 빠르게 전송할 수 있습니다. 디스플레이는 ILI9488 드라이버에 의해 제어됩니다.
또한 내장된 마이크로SD 카드 슬롯이 있어 사진을 보여주거나 로그와 같은 데이터를 저장할 수 있습니다.
Arduino Uno, Mega 또는 Due와 함께 쉽게 사용할 수 있습니다 — 그냥 꽂아서 프로젝트를 시작하세요.
선연결
시작하려면 Arduino 위에 디스플레이 쉴드를 올려놓기만 하세요. microSD 카드 슬롯이 USB 포트와 같은 방향을 향하고 있는지 확인하세요. 그게 전부입니다 — 전선이나 납땜이 필요 없어요. 그냥 꽂아서 사용하면 됩니다!
이 이미지는 Fritzing을 사용하여 만들어졌습니다. 이미지를 확대하려면 클릭하세요.
아두이노 코드 - TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에 텍스트, 정수 및 부동 소수점 숫자 표시
/*
* 이 아두이노 코드는 newbiely.kr 에서 개발되었습니다
* 이 아두이노 코드는 어떠한 제한 없이 공개 사용을 위해 제공됩니다.
* 상세한 지침 및 연결도에 대해서는 다음을 방문하세요:
* https://newbiely.kr/tutorials/arduino/arduino-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#define MAGENTA DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 255)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
void setup() {
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT Touch LCD Display - show text and float number"));
TFT_display.begin();
// Set the rotation (0 to 3)
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // Rotate screen 90 degrees
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
// Set text color and size
TFT_display.setTextColor(MAGENTA);
TFT_display.setTextSize(3); // Adjust text size as needed
// Sample temperature value
float temperature = 23.5;
float humidity = 78.6;
// Display temperature with degree symbol
TFT_display.setCursor(20, 20); // Set cursor position (x, y)
TFT_display.print("Temperature: ");
TFT_display.print(temperature, 1); // Print temperature with 1 decimal place
TFT_display.print(char(247));
TFT_display.println("C");
// Display humidity
TFT_display.setCursor(20, 60); // Set cursor position (x, y)
TFT_display.print("Humidity: ");
TFT_display.print(humidity, 1); // Print humidity with 1 decimal place
TFT_display.print("%");
}
void loop(void) {
}
자세한 사용 방법
TFT LCD 터치스크린을 보세요 — 텍스트와 숫자가 표시됩니다. 하지만 기본 폰트는 단조롭거나 별로 매력적이지 않을 수 있습니다. 더 멋지게 보이게 하려면 다른 폰트를 사용할 수 있습니다.
Arduino로 TFT LCD 터치에서 외부 폰트 사용
Adafruit GFX 라이브러리에는 DIYables TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이와 함께 작동하는 많은 사용자 정의 글꼴이 포함되어 있습니다. 사용하려면:
#include <Fonts/FreeSansBold12pt7b.h>
tft.setFont(&FreeSansBold12pt7b);
아래는 외부 글꼴 사용을 시연하는 완전한 예제입니다.
/*
* 이 아두이노 코드는 newbiely.kr 에서 개발되었습니다
* 이 아두이노 코드는 어떠한 제한 없이 공개 사용을 위해 제공됩니다.
* 상세한 지침 및 연결도에 대해서는 다음을 방문하세요:
* https://newbiely.kr/tutorials/arduino/arduino-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#include <Fonts/FreeSansBold12pt7b.h>
#define MAGENTA DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 255)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
void setup() {
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT Touch LCD Display - Use external font"));
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setFont(&FreeSansBold12pt7b);
// Set the rotation (0 to 3)
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // Rotate screen 90 degrees
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
// Set text color and size
TFT_display.setTextColor(MAGENTA);
TFT_display.setTextSize(1); // Adjust text size as needed
// Sample temperature value
float temperature = 23.5;
float humidity = 78.6;
// Display temperature with degree symbol
TFT_display.setCursor(20, 20); // Set cursor position (x, y)
TFT_display.print("Temperature: ");
TFT_display.print(temperature, 1); // Print temperature with 1 decimal place
TFT_display.print(char(247));
TFT_display.println("C");
// Display humidity
TFT_display.setCursor(20, 60); // Set cursor position (x, y)
TFT_display.print("Humidity: ");
TFT_display.print(humidity, 1); // Print humidity with 1 decimal place
TFT_display.print("%");
}
void loop(void) {
}
참고: 일부 사용자 지정 글꼴은 각도 기호(°)와 같은 특수 문자를 지원하지 않을 수 있으나, 기본 글꼴은 이를 지원합니다.
아두이노 코드 – TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에서 도형 그리기
이 간단한 예제 코드는 DIYables TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이 실드에서 기본 도형을 그리는 방법을 배우는 데 도움이 됩니다. 화면의 다양한 부분에 다채로운 원, 삼각형, 사각형, 둥근 사각형, 그리고 다이아몬드가 차례대로 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있습니다. Arduino와 화면을 사용하여 그리기를 연습하는 재미있는 방법입니다.
/*
* 이 아두이노 코드는 newbiely.kr 에서 개발되었습니다
* 이 아두이노 코드는 어떠한 제한 없이 공개 사용을 위해 제공됩니다.
* 상세한 지침 및 연결도에 대해서는 다음을 방문하세요:
* https://newbiely.kr/tutorials/arduino/arduino-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#define BLACK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 0)
#define BLUE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 255)
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
#define GREEN DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 255, 0)
#define ORANGE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 165, 0)
#define PINK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 192, 203)
#define VIOLET DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(148, 0, 211)
#define TURQUOISE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(64, 224, 208)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
// Helper to draw a filled diamond
void fillDiamond(int cx, int cy, int h, int v, uint16_t color) {
int x0 = cx, y0 = cy - v;
int x1 = cx + h, y1 = cy;
int x2 = cx, y2 = cy + v;
int x3 = cx - h, y3 = cy;
TFT_display.fillTriangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
TFT_display.fillTriangle(x0, y0, x2, y2, x3, y3, color);
}
void setup() {
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // Landscape: 480x320
}
void loop() {
TFT_display.fillScreen(BLACK);
// Outlined circle (top left)
TFT_display.drawCircle(70, 60, 40, RED);
// Filled circle (top center)
TFT_display.fillCircle(180, 60, 40, RED);
// Outlined triangle (top right)
TFT_display.drawTriangle(260, 30, 340, 30, 300, 100, BLUE);
// Filled triangle (top far right)
TFT_display.fillTriangle(370, 30, 450, 30, 410, 100, GREEN);
// Outlined rectangle (middle left)
TFT_display.drawRect(30, 130, 80, 50, ORANGE);
// Filled rectangle (middle center)
TFT_display.fillRect(140, 130, 80, 50, TURQUOISE);
// Outlined round rectangle (middle right)
TFT_display.drawRoundRect(260, 130, 80, 50, 15, VIOLET);
// Filled round rectangle (middle far right)
TFT_display.fillRoundRect(370, 130, 80, 50, 15, PINK);
// Outlined diamond shape (bottom left)
int cx1 = 120, cy1 = 250, h1 = 40, v1 = 50;
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1, cy1 - v1, cx1 + h1, cy1, GREEN);
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1 + h1, cy1, cx1, cy1 + v1, GREEN);
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1, cy1 + v1, cx1 - h1, cy1, GREEN);
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1 - h1, cy1, cx1, cy1 - v1, GREEN);
// Filled diamond shape (bottom right)
int cx2 = 355, cy2 = 250, h2 = 40, v2 = 50;
fillDiamond(cx2, cy2, h2, v2, BLUE);
delay(10000);
}
자세한 사용 방법
TFT LCD 터치 화면을 보세요. 화면에는 원, 삼각형, 사각형, 둥근 사각형, 그리고 다이아몬드가 표시되어 있습니다.
Arduino 코드 – TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에서 이미지 표시.
TFT LCD 터치에서 이미지를 저장하고 표시하는 방법은 두 가지가 있습니다:
이제, 두 가지 방법을 사용하는 방법을 살펴보겠습니다.
코드에서 비트맵 배열로 이미지 저장
/*
* 이 아두이노 코드는 newbiely.kr 에서 개발되었습니다
* 이 아두이노 코드는 어떠한 제한 없이 공개 사용을 위해 제공됩니다.
* 상세한 지침 및 연결도에 대해서는 다음을 방문하세요:
* https://newbiely.kr/tutorials/arduino/arduino-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#include "bitmap.h"
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
int img_width = 120;
int img_height = 53;
uint16_t SCREEN_WIDTH;
uint16_t SCREEN_HEIGHT;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT Touch LCD Display"));
TFT_display.begin();
SCREEN_WIDTH = TFT_display.width();
SCREEN_HEIGHT = TFT_display.height();
int x = (SCREEN_WIDTH - img_width) / 2;
int y = (SCREEN_HEIGHT - img_height) / 2;
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
TFT_display.drawRGBBitmap(x, y, myBitmap, img_width, img_height);
}
void loop(void) {
delay(2000);
TFT_display.invertDisplay(true);
delay(2000);
TFT_display.invertDisplay(false);
}
자세한 사용 방법
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
const uint16_t myBitmap[] PROGMEM = {0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18c3, 0xbdf7, 0xbdf7, 0xe73c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x2124, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xdedb, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0841, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x3186, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2124, 0x528a, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x8c71, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x632c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x630c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3186,
0xf79e, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xbdf7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x528a, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xe71c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x2124, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x73ae,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0020, 0xad55, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3186, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x4a69, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xbdd7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x9492, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x630c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xc618, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x10a2, 0xd6ba, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xce79, 0xb596, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x1082, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x1082, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x1082, 0xe73c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x2965, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4228, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x18e3, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x8c71, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x9cd3, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x9cf3, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xe71c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18c3, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x7bcf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x7bef, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x10a2, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xa534, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x4a69, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdd7, 0x0841, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39e7, 0xf79e, 0xffff, 0x2945, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4a69, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xe73c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x31a6, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xdedb, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xdedb, 0xb5b6, 0x0020, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xe71c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xe73c, 0x0841, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0861, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x31a6, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x6b6d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4a49, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0x2124, 0x2124, 0x2124, 0x2124, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x5aeb, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0861, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x9cd3, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4228, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2104, 0xa514, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x528a, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0861, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x6b6d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x9492, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
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0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18c3, 0xdefb, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xe73c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x6b6d, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x9cf3, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18e3, 0xe71c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
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0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18e3, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2124, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x2124, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18e3, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xdefb, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x8430, 0x2965, 0x2965, 0x2965, 0xa514, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x8430, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xc638, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x2965, 0x2965, 0x18c3, 0x2965, 0x8410, 0x4228, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x5aeb, 0x4a69, 0x2965, 0x0841, 0x0000, 0x2104, 0x738e, 0xffff, 0xb596, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x10a2, 0xe71c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39e7, 0xf79e, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xa534, 0xffff, 0xf79e, 0xad75, 0xad75, 0xe73c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xdefb, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x7bef, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x8430, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x9cf3, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xdedb, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xce79, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0xad75, 0xef5d, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x632c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2104, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x1082, 0x6b4d, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x8c71, 0xce79, 0xf79e, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x18e3, 0xce79, 0xb596, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x0020, 0x94b2, 0xce79, 0xef7d, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x6b4d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xbdf7, 0xce79, 0xd69a, 0xef7d, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x10a2, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2104, 0xbdf7, 0xce79, 0xd69a, 0xf7be, 0xd69a, 0xce79, 0x2945, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2104, 0xe73c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xd69a, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x31a6, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3186, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0841, 0x2965, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0020, 0x39e7, 0x0020, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0841, 0xbdd7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x528a, 0xf79e, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x7bef, 0xc638, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4a49, 0xbdd7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39e7, 0x39e7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39c7, 0x39e7, 0xef7d, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x8c51, 0xbdf7, 0xbdf7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x8410, 0xbdf7, 0xbdf7, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, };
위 코드를 실행하면, 아래와 같이 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에 DIYables 로고 이미지가 표시됩니다.
사용자 지정 이미지를 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에 표시하려면 다음 단계를 따르세요:
이미지를 업로드하고 화면 크기보다 작은 원하는 너비를 설정하여 크기를 재조정합니다.
투명 PNG의 경우, 변환 과정에서 투명도가 손실되므로 투명 픽셀을 대체할 배경색을 선택하세요.
참고:
TFT 터치 디스플레이에서 MicroSD 카드의 이미지 표시
자세한 사용 방법
/*
* 이 아두이노 코드는 newbiely.kr 에서 개발되었습니다
* 이 아두이노 코드는 어떠한 제한 없이 공개 사용을 위해 제공됩니다.
* 상세한 지침 및 연결도에 대해서는 다음을 방문하세요:
* https://newbiely.kr/tutorials/arduino/arduino-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#include <SD.h>
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
#define BUFFPIXEL 20 // Buffer size remains the same
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
#define SD_CS 10
File bmpFile;
uint16_t SCREEN_WIDTH;
uint16_t SCREEN_HEIGHT;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
if (!SD.begin(SD_CS)) {
Serial.println("SD card initialization failed!");
return;
}
Serial.println("SD card initialized successfully.");
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT Touch LCD Display"));
TFT_display.begin();
// Set the rotation (0 to 3)
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // Rotate screen 90 degrees
// After rotation, update screen dimensions
SCREEN_WIDTH = TFT_display.width();
SCREEN_HEIGHT = TFT_display.height();
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
// Get image dimensions
uint32_t imgWidth, imgHeight;
if (getBMPDimensions("diyables.bmp", imgWidth, imgHeight)) {
Serial.print("BMP Image Width: ");
Serial.println(imgWidth);
Serial.print("BMP Image Height: ");
Serial.println(imgHeight);
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to get BMP dimensions");
}
// Optionally, center the image based on its dimensions
int x = (SCREEN_WIDTH - imgWidth) / 2;
int y = (SCREEN_HEIGHT - imgHeight) / 2;
drawBMP("diyables.bmp", x, y); // Draw image at calculated position
}
void loop(void) {
}
// Helper functions to read BMP file header
uint16_t read16(File &f) {
uint16_t result;
result = f.read();
result |= (f.read() << 8);
return result;
}
uint32_t read32(File &f) {
uint32_t result;
result = f.read();
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 8);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 16);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 24);
return result;
}
// Function to read a signed 32-bit integer
int32_t readS32(File &f) {
int32_t result;
result = f.read();
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 8);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 16);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 24);
return result;
}
// Function to draw BMP from SD card
void drawBMP(const char *filename, int x, int y) {
bmpFile = SD.open(filename);
if (!bmpFile) {
Serial.println("File not found");
return;
}
if (read16(bmpFile) != 0x4D42) { // Check BMP signature
Serial.println("Not a BMP file");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
// Skip unnecessary BMP header details
Serial.println("BMP signature OK");
uint32_t fileSize = read32(bmpFile);
Serial.print("File Size: ");
Serial.println(fileSize);
read32(bmpFile); // Reserved bytes (skip)
uint32_t imageOffset = read32(bmpFile); // Start of image data
Serial.print("Image Data Offset: ");
Serial.println(imageOffset);
uint32_t dibHeaderSize = read32(bmpFile); // DIB header size
Serial.print("DIB Header Size: ");
Serial.println(dibHeaderSize);
// Now read the width and height of the image
uint32_t bmpWidth = read32(bmpFile);
int32_t bmpHeight = readS32(bmpFile); // Read as signed 32-bit integer
Serial.print("Image Width: ");
Serial.println(bmpWidth);
Serial.print("Image Height: ");
Serial.println(bmpHeight);
bool topDown = false; // Flag to check if the image is top-down
if (bmpHeight < 0) {
bmpHeight = -bmpHeight; // Make height positive for processing
topDown = true; // Mark the BMP as top-down
}
if (read16(bmpFile) != 1) { // Planes must be 1
Serial.println("Invalid BMP file");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
uint16_t depth = read16(bmpFile); // Color depth
Serial.print("Bit Depth: ");
Serial.println(depth);
if (depth != 24) { // Only 24-bit BMP supported
Serial.println("Only 24-bit BMP is supported");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
if (read32(bmpFile) != 0) { // No compression
Serial.println("Unsupported BMP compression");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
// Move to the start of the image data
bmpFile.seek(imageOffset);
uint8_t sdbuffer[3 * BUFFPIXEL]; // Buffer for 20 pixels (3 bytes per pixel)
uint16_t color;
uint32_t rowSize = (bmpWidth * 3 + 3) & ~3; // BMP rows are padded to 4-byte boundaries
// Adjust x and y if image is larger than screen
if (x >= SCREEN_WIDTH || y >= SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
Serial.println("Image position out of screen bounds");
return;
}
uint32_t maxRow = min(bmpHeight, SCREEN_HEIGHT - y);
uint32_t maxCol = min(bmpWidth, SCREEN_WIDTH - x);
// Draw the image
for (uint32_t row = 0; row < maxRow; row++) {
int32_t rowPos = topDown ? row : bmpHeight - 1 - row; // Adjust for top-down BMPs
uint32_t filePosition = imageOffset + rowPos * rowSize;
bmpFile.seek(filePosition); // Move to the correct row
for (uint32_t col = 0; col < maxCol; col += BUFFPIXEL) {
uint32_t pixelsToRead = min(BUFFPIXEL, maxCol - col); // Avoid reading beyond row width
bmpFile.read(sdbuffer, 3 * pixelsToRead); // Read multiple pixels at once
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pixelsToRead; i++) {
uint8_t b = sdbuffer[i * 3];
uint8_t g = sdbuffer[i * 3 + 1];
uint8_t r = sdbuffer[i * 3 + 2];
color = DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(r, g, b);
// Draw pixel on screen if within bounds
if ((x + col + i) < SCREEN_WIDTH && (y + row) < SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
TFT_display.drawPixel(x + col + i, y + row, color);
}
}
}
}
bmpFile.close(); // Close file when done
Serial.println("Finished drawing BMP");
}
// Function to get BMP image dimensions
bool getBMPDimensions(const char *filename, uint32_t &width, uint32_t &height) {
File bmpFile = SD.open(filename);
if (!bmpFile) {
Serial.println("File not found");
return false;
}
if (read16(bmpFile) != 0x4D42) { // Check BMP signature
Serial.println("Not a BMP file");
bmpFile.close();
return false;
}
read32(bmpFile); // Skip file size
read32(bmpFile); // Skip reserved bytes
uint32_t imageOffset = read32(bmpFile); // Start of image data
uint32_t dibHeaderSize = read32(bmpFile); // DIB header size
// Read the width and height of the image
width = read32(bmpFile);
int32_t bmpHeight = readS32(bmpFile); // May be negative for top-down images
height = (bmpHeight < 0) ? -bmpHeight : bmpHeight;
bmpFile.close(); // Close the file
return true; // Success
}
위의 코드를 실행하면 아래와 같이 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에 DIYables 로고 이미지가 표시됩니다.
다른 이미지를 사용하려면 다음 단계를 따르세요:
파일을 PC에 다운로드하려면 비트맵으로 저장 버튼을 클릭하세요.
TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에 여러 이미지를 표시하도록 코드를 수정할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 아래 이미지와 같이 사용할 수 있습니다.
Arduino Mega용 주의: 이 쉴드의 SD 카드 소켓은 Arduino Mega의 SPI 핀에 직접 연결되어 있지 않습니다. SD 카드를 사용하려면 Mega의 SPI 핀을 SD 카드 핀에 수동으로 연결할 방법을 찾거나 외부 SD 카드 모듈을 사용해야 합니다.
아두이노 코드 – 터치 캘리브레이션
터치스크린 보정은 제조 공정상의 차이나 설치 문제로 인해 물리적 터치 센서가 디스플레이 픽셀과 완벽하게 일치하지 않을 수 있기 때문에 필요합니다. 보정은 터치 좌표를 실제 화면 위치와 일치시켜, 특정 지점을 터치했을 때 소프트웨어가 올바른 위치를 감지하도록 합니다. 보정이 없으면 터치 입력이 어긋나거나 부정확할 수 있습니다.
TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이를 보정하려면:
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
int min_x = 1023, max_x = 0, min_y = 1023, max_y = 0;
const int corners[4][2] = {
{20, 20}, // Top-left
{TFT_display.width() - 21, 20}, // Top-right
{TFT_display.width() - 21, TFT_display.height() - 21}, // Bottom-right
{20, TFT_display.height() - 21} // Bottom-left
};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setRotation(0); // Set orientation to 0
TFT_display.fillScreen(0xFFFF);
Serial.println("Touch the blinking dot in each corner (1-4).");
}
void loop() {
static int corner = 0;
static unsigned long lastBlink = 0;
static bool dotOn = false;
// Blink the indicator dot
if (millis() - lastBlink > 400) {
lastBlink = millis();
dotOn = !dotOn;
TFT_display.fillCircle(corners[corner][0], corners[corner][1], 10, dotOn ? 0xF800 : 0xFFFF);
TFT_display.setTextColor(0x0000, 0xFFFF);
TFT_display.setTextSize(2);
TFT_display.setCursor(corners[corner][0] + 15, corners[corner][1] - 10);
TFT_display.print(corner + 1); // Print corner number
}
int raw_x, raw_y, z;
TFT_display.readTouchRaw(raw_x, raw_y, z);
if (raw_x >= 0 && raw_y >= 0 && z > 10 && z < 1000) {
Serial.print("Corner ");
Serial.print(corner + 1);
Serial.print(": Raw X: ");
Serial.print(raw_x);
Serial.print(" Raw Y: ");
Serial.print(raw_y);
Serial.print(" Pressure: ");
Serial.println(z);
// Update min/max for this touch
if (raw_x < min_x) min_x = raw_x;
if (raw_x > max_x) max_x = raw_x;
if (raw_y < min_y) min_y = raw_y;
if (raw_y > max_y) max_y = raw_y;
Serial.print("min_x = "); Serial.println(min_x);
Serial.print("max_x = "); Serial.println(max_x);
Serial.print("min_y = "); Serial.println(min_y);
Serial.print("max_y = "); Serial.println(max_y);
delay(1000); // Wait for user to release before next corner
// Move to next corner
TFT_display.fillCircle(corners[corner][0], corners[corner][1], 10, 0xFFFF); // Erase dot
corner++;
if (corner >= 4) {
Serial.println("Calibration complete!");
Serial.print("Use these values: setTouchCalibration(");
Serial.print("min_x = "); Serial.print(min_x); Serial.print(", ");
Serial.print("max_x = "); Serial.print(max_x); Serial.print(", ");
Serial.print("min_y = "); Serial.print(min_y); Serial.print(", ");
Serial.print("max_y = "); Serial.print(max_y); Serial.println(");");
while (1); // Stop here
}
delay(500);
}
}
화면에 표시된 지침을 따라 터치 패널을 보정하십시오.
아두이노 코드 – 터치 포인트 가져오기
아래 코드는 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이로부터 터치 포인트(좌표)를 가져오고 X 및 Y 좌표를 시리얼 모니터에 출력하며 터치된 위치에 빨간 점을 그리는 방법을 보여줍니다.
/*
* 이 아두이노 코드는 newbiely.kr 에서 개발되었습니다
* 이 아두이노 코드는 어떠한 제한 없이 공개 사용을 위해 제공됩니다.
* 상세한 지침 및 연결도에 대해서는 다음을 방문하세요:
* https://newbiely.kr/tutorials/arduino/arduino-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
// Set your calibration values here!
#define MIN_X 121
#define MAX_X 913
#define MIN_Y 78
#define MAX_Y 931
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
TFT_display.begin();
// Set the rotation (0 to 3)
TFT_display.setRotation(0);
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
TFT_display.setTouchCalibration(MIN_X, MAX_X, MIN_Y, MAX_Y);
Serial.println("Touch the screen to see coordinates.");
}
void loop() {
int x, y;
if (TFT_display.getTouch(x, y)) {
Serial.print("Touch at: ");
Serial.print(x);
Serial.print(", ");
Serial.println(y);
TFT_display.fillCircle(x, y, 4, RED); // Draw a red dot where touched
delay(200); // Debounce
}
}
자세한 사용 방법
Arduino 코드 – TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에 그리기
다음 코드는 펜을 사용하여 TFT LCD 터치 디스플레이에서 그림을 그리는 방법을 보여줍니다.
터치 스크린을 보정하고 보정 값을 설정했는지 확인하세요!
/*
* 이 아두이노 코드는 newbiely.kr 에서 개발되었습니다
* 이 아두이노 코드는 어떠한 제한 없이 공개 사용을 위해 제공됩니다.
* 상세한 지침 및 연결도에 대해서는 다음을 방문하세요:
* https://newbiely.kr/tutorials/arduino/arduino-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
// Set your calibration values here!
#define MIN_X 121
#define MAX_X 913
#define MIN_Y 78
#define MAX_Y 931
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
void setup() {
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setRotation(0);
TFT_display.setTouchCalibration(MIN_X, MAX_X, MIN_Y, MAX_Y);
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
}
void loop() {
static int lastX = -1, lastY = -1;
int x, y;
if (TFT_display.getTouch(x, y)) {
if (lastX >= 0 && lastY >= 0) {
TFT_display.drawLine(lastX, lastY, x, y, RED);
}
lastX = x;
lastY = y;
delay(10); // Smoother drawing
} else {
lastX = -1;
lastY = -1;
}
}
자세한 사용 방법
이제 화면에 그림을 그릴 수 있습니다:
아두이노 코드 – 터치 버튼 예제
이 예제는 DIYables TFT 터치 쉴드를 사용하여 직사각형 버튼에서 누름 및 해제 이벤트를 감지하는 방법을 보여줍니다. 버튼 내부를 터치하면 색상이 변경되고 "PRESSED"라는 문구가 표시됩니다. 터치를 해제하면 버튼은 원래 상태로 돌아갑니다.
/*
* 이 아두이노 코드는 newbiely.kr 에서 개발되었습니다
* 이 아두이노 코드는 어떠한 제한 없이 공개 사용을 위해 제공됩니다.
* 상세한 지침 및 연결도에 대해서는 다음을 방문하세요:
* https://newbiely.kr/tutorials/arduino/arduino-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
#define BLACK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 0)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
#define GRAY DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(128, 128, 128)
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
// Set your calibration values here!
#define MIN_X 121
#define MAX_X 913
#define MIN_Y 78
#define MAX_Y 931
#define BUTTON_X 70
#define BUTTON_Y 100
#define BUTTON_W 180
#define BUTTON_H 60
bool lastPressed = false;
void setup() {
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setRotation(0);
TFT_display.setTouchCalibration(MIN_X, MAX_X, MIN_Y, MAX_Y);
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE); // White background
// Draw button
TFT_display.fillRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, RED);
TFT_display.drawRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, BLACK);
TFT_display.setTextColor(WHITE);
TFT_display.setTextSize(3);
TFT_display.setCursor(BUTTON_X + 30, BUTTON_Y + 18);
TFT_display.print("PRESS");
}
void loop() {
int x, y;
bool pressed = false;
if (TFT_display.getTouch(x, y)) {
if (x >= BUTTON_X && x < (BUTTON_X + BUTTON_W) && y >= BUTTON_Y && y < (BUTTON_Y + BUTTON_H)) {
pressed = true;
}
}
// Detect press event
if (pressed && !lastPressed) {
// Just pressed
TFT_display.drawRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, BLACK);
TFT_display.fillRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, GRAY);
TFT_display.setTextColor(BLACK);
TFT_display.setCursor(BUTTON_X + 30, BUTTON_Y + 18);
TFT_display.print("PRESSED");
}
// Detect release event
if (!pressed && lastPressed) {
// Just released
TFT_display.drawRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, BLACK);
TFT_display.fillRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, RED);
TFT_display.setTextColor(WHITE);
TFT_display.setCursor(BUTTON_X + 30, BUTTON_Y + 18);
TFT_display.print("PRESS");
}
lastPressed = pressed;
}
자세한 사용 방법
화면상의 버튼을 터치하여 그 효과를 확인하세요. 아래 이미지와 같이 보입니다.
